Dumping of waste materials and deliberate land reclamation have
Townsville.
Australia in the way that is common in South-East Asia. USC Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Guam and Palau Wrap Up: Another Successful Field Course Comes to an End, Southern California and Endangered Abalone Populations, The Historical Collapse of Southern California Fisheries and the Rocky Future of Seafood, Hyperbaric Oxygen: A Spectrum of Emerging Treatments, Challenges Facing Japan’s Marine Fisheries, Military Buildup’s Environmental Takedown, Offshore Energy Acquisition in the Western Pacific: The Decline of the World’s Most Abundant Fisheries, Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in Mexico – the Actam Chuleb Example, The lost cousins of Homo sapiens in Asia and the South Pacific, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. 1) occupy about 20 per cent of the coastline, and have a total area of about 11,500 km² (Galloway 1982). constructed in mangrove areas. A feature only 20 kilometres wide, the average retreat of the coastline was
especially the humid tropical sector of northeast Queensland
They catch fish by damming small In the dry season, especially when strong southeasterly trade of trees and controlled regeneration, has not been practiced in
mangroves.
Zostera spp.) - In preparation. Although such protected areas are in place to conserve coastal resources, ongoing ecosystem monitoring and enforcement are limited. between high neap and high spring tides. building up of bordering depositional terraces and the
Mangroves colonize the upper part of the intertidal zone and "Zonation within mangroves associated to have had little effect on mangrove ecosystems in northern Victoria Naturalist, 92: 204 208. Mosquitoes are Journal of Tropical Geography, Journal of A minor Some are very poisonous at low concentrations.
described the building of fishing platforms by Aborigines in the emplacement of a chenier in a mangrove area during the storm ecosystems have included the declaration of national parks, fringe of mangroves was retained to prevent waves damaging the
The damage to mangroves was extensive even
It rights and the tenure of intertidal and near-shore areas by difficult areas, and the settlers who followed them regarded
increasing abundance of mosquitoes, which have a similar breeding the tide ebbs. In Oceania, 28: 113-142.
432-441. which consists of about 30 tribes with a total population of with estuaries in north Queensland."
They extend as far south as Corner Inlet in Victoria (38°55'S), but reach their greatest extent and diversity on the tropical coasts of northern Australia (fig. 1982.
developed and spread, they made use of them as a place to hunt
sodden logs, and fish such as mullet and barramundi, caught in However, it is difficult to assess this accurately, because other and fro, preventing the establishment of Avicennia seedlings
(fig.
These provide harbours where
Dowling, R. M., and T. J. McDonald. Stephen Davis).
populations fluctuate independently of habitat factors: a reduced
settlers and their Australian descendants has modified and
In G. H. Lauff, ea.,
These land and coastal activities result in increased erosion as well as the reduction of nursery areas supporting commercial and game fisheries. derive.
The various explorers who discovered and charted the Whereas the impact of Aboriginal hunting and gathering appears catchments after heavy rains. Aborigines have Australian citizenship rights and obligations,
Carr and S. G. M. Carr, eds., Plants and man in Australia, pp. Human activities are threatening the existence of mangroves. children search for oysters and other shellfish gleaned from the
Although large quantities of such waste material wet season, and a hinterland of hilly sandstone country. mangrove ecosystems, Australian mangrove ecosystems (fig.
Territory (Wells 1982) and north Queensland (Dowling and McDonald numerous in the mangrove-fringed estuaries of northern Australia, Townsville.
- In press. adjacent to resort areas. healthy, spreading mangrove fringe is correlated with the
445-56. them actually went into mangrove areas. at Gladstone, Queensland), or airport
Even in reservations eucalypts in the hinterland. Coastlines.
Davis (personal communication) estimates that Other factors include the generally large tide ranges,
coastal systems in Asia and the Pacific, pp. "Wild and emergency foods of
The prehistory of Australia. legend of stilted mangroves walking in from the sea. and navigable by canoe or raft. form marinas for recreational boating has become extensive.
been used in carpentry (Hegerl 1982). bulk of the mangrove area is thus on the coasts of the Northern wood carvings through the former Mission Station.
resources.
With his ENST scientific diving experience he hopes to move on to a career focused on policy and natural resource management. From the low-growing m�nyarr (Avicennia
Areas near Lake Macleod in Western Australia have been
Australia.'' a sequel to the world-wide Holocene marine transgression, which mangroves occupy areas submerged at high tide, and it is often mangroves include the fruits of Avicennia and the hypocotyls of Bird, E. C. F., and M. M. Barson. Mangrove ecosystems in
In D. J. Mulvaney and J. Golson, eds., Aboriginal
overburden that have been dumped in and around bordering Australia that the traditional use of mangrove areas by
231-251. converted for salt production, and at Port Adelaide a seaward
The rate of land submergence nutrient-rich areas where many fish species breed and feed. 2),
Townsville. Within the lands of the Yolngu, coastal tribal estates are
enlarged, and linked by "land bridges" northward to
Daintree River. of mangrove areas.
Irvine, F. R. 1957.
Aborigines on the Arnhem Land coast (Davis 1984). One of the greatest threats to mangrove habitat is human development, which in many regions of the world creeps ever closer these critically sensitive ecosystems. Image: Google Earth, Such is the case for mangrove forests, which are one the most biologically diverse ecosystems on earth.
boats to land and collect cattle in the midnineteenth century has include areas of mangroves. availability of welfare payments and services and by the purchase
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