The First Caliph: Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)-As-Siddiq: (June 8, 632-August 23, 634 A.D) “If I were to take a friend other than my Lord, I would take Abu Bakr as a friend. He defined, by precept and by example, the rights and privileges of non-Muslims, an example of which is the following contract with the Christians of Jerusalem: “This is the protection which the servant of God, ‘Umar, the Ruler of the Believers has granted to the people of Eiliya [Jerusalem]. He (R.A) had a tremendous amount of respect and admiration near the Messenger ﷺ of Allah.
New roads were laid, canals were lug and wayside hotels were built. Because of great personal characteristics, the Messenger ﷺ of God regarded him very high: “If there were to be a prophet after me, indeed he would be Umar, son of Khattab.” (Tirmidhi). These largely impacted the French-Italian emperor Napoleone Bonaparte and soldiers of the British Empire. The first amongst (Four Caliphs of Islam) of the Rightly Guided Khalifs was Abu Bakr, who is said to have been a merchant who used his wealth to support the cause of Islam.He gave his daughter Aisha to Muhammad in marriage, and she became his favourite wife.
Since the poor and underprivileged made up the bulk of the population, his popularity increased. From this time on the headquarters remained in Rabwah, a town built on land bought in Pakistan by the community in 1948. [49][50][51][52], (Not widely accepted, actual dominions were parts of West Africa). But whoever worships God, behold! But if I disobey God and His Messenger, ye owe me no obedience. Many Messengers have gone before him; if then he dies or is killed, will you turn back upon your heels?” (Quran 3:144).
This culminated into the Fitna, or the first Islamic civil war. He gave a practical meaning to the Quranic injunction: “O you who believe, stand out firmly for justice as witnesses to God, even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, and whether it concerns rich or poor, for God can best protect both.” (Quran 4:135), Once a woman brought a claim against the Caliph ‘Umar. As a successor to the Prophet, the Caliph was the head of the Muslim community and his primary responsibility was to continue in the path of the Prophet. Be Humble and Not Heedless A portion of the speech the First Caliph gave after his election has already been quoted in the introduction. He (R.A) was a wealthy man and he spent most of it in the true service of Islam like buying a well from Jew in Madina and making it free for use for all Muslims and acquiring a portion of land in order to enlarge the capacity of Masjid e Nabawi. Muawiyah, a powerful relative of Uthman, as well as governor of Syria, demanded revenge for those who killed Uthman. He (R.A) had great command on the Arabic language especially in the teachings of the Quran. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)-As-Siddiq: (June 8, 632-August 23, 634 A.D), “If I were to take a friend other than my Lord, I would take Abu Bakr as a friend.” (Hadith). He remained caliph for 10 years died in 644 A.D. Hazrat Umar (RA) was also buried alongside Holy Prophet as it was his wish. A population census was held. “No doubt, Ali is from Me and I am from Ali, and Ali will be the Saint of every Momin after Me and will keep love from him (Momin), no one will be hatred from Him.” (Tirmidhi). Like the Fatimid caliphs, he was a descendant of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, the nephew of Aisha, the third wife of Muhammad led a rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in 684 AD. The era that followed the death of Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is called the era of the Four Caliphs.
Every Prophet will have a special companion of Him in the Heaven, and my companion there will be Usman. Born in 573 A.D, is almost 2 years younger than the Messenger ﷺ of Allah SWT, Hazrat Usman ibn Affan (R.A) belonged to the Umayyah family of Qureyshi tribe of Makkah. And he who turns back on his heels will not do the least harm to Allah. The protection is for their lives and properties, their churches and crosses, their sick and healthy and for all their coreligionists. The first two Caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar are buried next to the Prophet.>. Those non-Muslims who took part in defense together with the Muslims were exempted from paying Jizya, and when the Muslims had to retreat from a city whose non-Muslim citizens had paid this tax for their defense, the tax was returned to the non-Muslims. ‘Umar gave his government an administrative structure. He fought them and destroyed most of the Kharijites (rebellion movement), defeating Umayyads in the battle of Nahrawan and introduction of reforms in taxes. His son, Hasan ibn Ali abdicated in favor of Muawiyah, who transformed the caliphate into a hereditary office, thus founding the Umayyad dynasty. At the occasion of Ghazwa e Khaibar, considered to be the toughest of all battles that the Holy Prophet ﷺ fought, Hazrat Ali (R.A) attained the title of Asadullah (Lion of Allah) from Rasulullah ﷺ due to his great valor. [6][7], The head of the Ottoman dynasty was just entitled Sultan originally, but soon it started accumulating titles assumed from subjected peoples.
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