There are also a couple of scenarios set around the fighting at Cesis in this site's scenario section: The books and articles I used to assemble the information above. The crews of these had a quite adventurous fate, being evacuated by Soviet ships to Petrograd and by rail to Murmansk, joining the Allied intervention forces in North Russia. Firstly Reigo Rosenthal provided me with an enormous amount of information from Estonian sources. This created panic among the German forces and the Baltic German population of Riga, leading to a speedy evacuation. Germans were not allowed to obstruct communication in the Latvian regions of Kurzeme and Zemgale. The first ocurred in 1915, and another in 1919, during the Latvian War of Independence.-The main naval battle during these operations ocurred the 17th and is known as the “Battle of Moon Sound”.-The Russian battle strategy was changed on 17 October due to a mistake made in the transfer of an order. On the same day, after a strong artillery preparation, the German land forces crossed the River Dvina in the region of Uxkull, south-east of Riga, occupied Kupfer-Mammer, and developed their success in a northerly direction. Map of the defenses in the gulf of Finland at the time of the first battle of Riga gulf (August 1915). Thank-you very much Daniel, Valdis, Eduardo and Reigo! The following maps from Eesti Vabadussõda (the official Estonian history of their independence struggle) will help follow the account: Maps – #11 , The Estonians managed to divide the German advanced guard units, forcing the Germans to retreat. But very soon, battleships SMS Grosser Kurfurst and Bayern hit mines, but survived, while German light forces skirmished with opposite Russian light forces in the narrow passage between the islands of Dago and Osel. Learn how your comment data is processed. Battle of Riga (1919) during the Latvian War of Independence See also [ edit ] Riga Offensive (1944) , a Red Army offensive which drove the German army from Riga in World War II History of of the Freikorps in Latvia 1919. #16 , -There has been three “battles of Riga”. -The Russian battle strategy was changed on 17 October due to a mistake made in the transfer of an order. During the Battle of Cēsis, all sides suffered losses. Not all were buit by Zeppelin. By early July 1919, the Estonian forces had entered Daugavgrīva, Mangaļsala and Vecmilgrāvis (now Riga city suburbs) and the Estonian 3rd Division continued their advance by launching artillery bombing of the city, during which dozens of civilians were killed. The Estonian counterattack on 8 June 1919 was repelled and the German command demanded Estonian withdrawal to the line Ainaži-Valka-Izborsk. Latvians have every right to be proud of their ancestors' performance at the Battle of Riga, but their opponents were considerably less numerous than generally stated, not to mention already half beaten morally. This was the only major loss of the battle. #14 , #15 , I have drawn up some notes which might help people intending to game the Freikorps' actions. #13 , On 20 June 1919, the Iron Division units captured Lielstraupe. On 3 June 1919, Landeswehr representatives arrived in Cēsis. It was a blow for the Russian Navy, not able to prevent the fall of the City of Riga. ), German Orders of Battle against the Soviets, Map showing the positions in early 1919 Early on 22 June 1919, the Estonian-Latvian forces launched a counterattack. It was the result of the German defeat in World War I, Polish nationalism, and Bolshevik expansionism in the wake of the Russian Civil War. The Latvians were supported by fire from the Estonian armoured convoy, but were still forced to retreat to the River Rauna. Nevertheless, the Germans rejected the demand and, taking advantage of certain American support, started to incorporate the Iron Division into the “Latvian troops”. Most of the engagement was held on the 17th in the narrow passage of Muhu Island (“The Moon”) indeed. -German battlecruisers remained in the Baltic in the previous operation in August 1915, providing cover until SMS Moltke was torpedoed by HMS E1 but had luck, as the impact did not detonated its bow torpedo room and she was repaired at Blohm and Voss in about a month, between 23 August and 20 September 1915. Jēkabsons, Ēriks: Cēsis, Battle of , in: 1914-1918-online. Wargaming Latvia 1919. The attack was unsuccessful, but the convoy was nonetheless forced to withdraw to Cēsis. On the 12th of October, the German squadron arrived off the island of Osel, then entered the Straits of Irben, German battleships pounding batteries of the point of Zerel. But HMS E18 and E19 arrived at Reval and soon started operations. As a result of the Battle of Cēsis, Ulmanis’ Provisional Government regained power in the part of the country already liberated from the Red Army. is licensed under: CC by-NC-ND 3.0 Germany - Attribution, Non-commercial, No Derivative Works. The battle saw losses on both sides: 2 torpedo boats, many ships damaged by mines on the German side and 1 pre-dreadnought, 1 destroyer, 1 submarine on the Russian one. The Allies took initiative and organized negotiations in Cēsis on 10 June 1919, which resulted in signing an armistice. On 6 June 1919, the Landeswehr’s units attacked the Northern Latvian Brigade Cēsis 2nd Regiment, whose formation was not yet completed, in the village Līvi. On the 16th, the cleaning work had been done and the German fleet was entering the gulf in full strenght, including 31 TBs. The ceasefire lasted until the morning of 19 June 1919, when the Landeswehr assumed the offensive in the direction of Limbaži. The Latvian army was established on 10 July 1919. On 7 June 1919, this Latvian regiment was replaced by an Estonian regiment. The armistice was finally signed on the morning of 3 July 1919. Still, the coup d’etat was only partially successful, as Ulmanis’ government found refuge on board ship under protection of the British Navy. Indeed i’m not a native speaker. An uneven artillery duel took place in which Slava and Grazhdanin were severely damaged by König and Kronprinz, as well as the armoured cruiser Bayan, knocked out by König. Estonian forces had to halt at the site they had stopped on 3 July 1919, and Allies were to be responsible for establishing the provisional Riga city governance. Your email address will not be published. This action took place in the Baltic Sea between Russian and German units as part of Operation Albion, an amphibious German operation. Great naval activity started in the Gulf of Riga on September 1st. History of of the Freikorps in Latvia 1919, Map showing the Freikorps and Soviet positions in mid-May 1919, Map showing the retreat of Soviet forces in May 1919. The remaining Russian forces retreated to the north, evacuating also the troops still present at moon island, not without laying minefields in the process, on which the Hochseetorpedoboote S64 will be blown up shortly after midnight the 17/18th. This same day the German minesweeper T46 was sunk, as was the destroyer V99. Russian battleship Slava was only hit three times, but one provoked a water surge, enough to give the ship such a draught that she was unable to manage to get back to safety and was scuttled. Latvians have every right to be proud of their ancestors' performance at the Battle of Riga, but their opponents were considerably less numerous than generally stated, not to mention already half beaten morally. My findings, gleaned by me from various sources. Opposing Russian forces were commanded by Admiral Mikhail Bakhirev, dominated about at a 1/4 ratio, but compensated by the presence of British submarines. The British Lieutenant Colonel Harold Alexander (1891-1969) was appointed its commander. The German fleet was headed by Vizeadmiral Ehrhard Schmidt under orders of Admiral Behncke. The Battle of Cēsis took place on 6-23 June 1919, near Cēsis, Latvia, during Latvian War of Independence. The general history of Latvia in 1919. On the 17th, they arrived in sight of the south of Muhu island and a battle started with the bulk of the Russian forces withdrawing from the Gulf, massing by the strait between the continent and Moon island. map help. It is also called “battle of moon island” by the Anglo-Saxons. The Iron Division tried unsuccessfully to save the situation since the Estonian cavalry units already had reached their rear. Further warfare was affected by the Entente position. On the 15th, Zerel’s batteries, which controlled the strait, were taken by German troops, allowing the minesweepers to clear the fields protecting the passage to the gulf. By early July 1919, the Estonian forces had entered Daugavgrīva, Mangaļsala and Vecmilgrāvis (now Riga city suburbs) and the Estonian 3 rd Division continued their advance by launching artillery bombing of the city, during which dozens of civilians were killed. On the 14th, troops that had landed in the south had overtaken Russian Infantry stationed at the tip of Zerel and effectively seized the island. On 1 June 1919, the Northern Latvian Brigade reached Cēsis. Russian minefields were ultimtely cleared, the flotilla entering the gulf the same day. On 27 June 1919, Germans retreated to the line of the River Jugla, not far from Riga. On the following daylight, a landing at Dago quickly won the decision, then the Russian forces retreated to Worms on the 19th, and then headed back for the Gulf of Finland. On 23 June 1919, the Germans left Liepāja, complying with their demand. There is little written about the campaign in English or French, but eventually I managed to piece enough together to understand that the story in most books on the period is completely wrong. Russo-Polish War (1919–20), military conflict between Soviet Russia and Poland. On 16 April 1919, the Germans overthrew Ulmanis’ government in Liepāja and established the puppet government headed by Andrievs Niedra (1871-1942). German Order of Battle at Cēsis Read More/See also: British submarine flotilla in the Baltic The Battle of Moon Sound Operation Albion, Details are very good – if one can mentally juggle the the somewhat awkward English translations. The first ocurred in 1915, and another in 1919, during the Latvian War of Independence. Already on 26 June 1919, Niedra’s government had left the city and ceased all activities. 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Four C-class submarines were alsp sent in 1915 but this time through the North Cape to Archangelsk and taken by barge to Kronstadt. During the confrontation, the Russian destroyer Grom was sent from the bottom, but Russian troops remained masters of the Island. Initially I became interested in the Freikorps in the Baltic because I wondered how 50,000 crack German Freikorps could be beaten in late 1919 by the 20,000 men of the hastily raised Latvian army.
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