In Warren Goss’s autobiography of his time spent at Andersonville he describes the indirect effect as the raiders “Stealing blankets from boys unaccustomed to hardships was downright murder,” because the person who got their blanket stolen was then exposed to the “chill dews of evening and the frequent rains… and was sure to sicken and die,” (Goss, p 150). The proceeding court-martial took place over the first several days of July. They were also well fed which gave them a great advantage when it came to fighting because their opponents were often suffering from malnutrition and therefore considerably weaker than the raiders they were trying to defend themselves against. July 11th, 2018 dogboy. For authors and movie producers, the Raiders provided an action-packed drama that made for better story telling than a mass of sick prisoners. In some cases, the raiders running the gauntlet were able to escape with just a few blows to the head, but a few were beaten so badly that they died as a result of their injuries. Long's Andersonville memoir stands out for its graphic detail and official corroboration of what he suffered. Macon, GA: Mercer UP, 2006. As one can see, even the identities of some of the men are not straightforward.
Historians know little about the trial, the accused, and the prosecutors. Every 30 yards there were large guard towers that were known as pigeon roosts. The victims were soldiers who, even if they weren’t killed, were left without resources in a deadly environment. This caused a shortage in food and water.
The six men that were sentenced to be hanged were John Sarsfield, William Collins, Charles Curtis, Patrick Delaney, A. Munn, and WR Rickson (AKA Teri Sullivan) (Ransom, pp 112– 113). The raiders were well stocked and had many members, of which estimates range from 50 to even as high as 500 according to some. Inside, a light fence was built approximately 19-25 feet from the stockade. To be clear, the Andersonville Raiders were, for most inmates, not the primary problem but an obviously controllable one.
Located near the Southwestern Railroad, Andersonville possessed transit access and a good water source.
All rights reserved. There was a breakdown in the prisoner of war exchange in 1863, which resulted in a surplus of prisoners of war. Andersonville National Cemetery Davis, Robert S. Ghosts and Shadows of Andersonville: Essays on The Secret Social Histories of America's Deadliest Prison.
Headed by six men and numbering somewhere between 100 and 500 members, the Raiders stole food and other supplies from fellow soldiers, sometimes killing those who resisted. Throughout the summer, conditions in the camp continued to deteriorate as the men, exposed to the elements, suffered from malnutrition and diseases such as dysentery. With the help of their widespread thievery, they were well stocked with weapons that ranged from axes to bowie knives. Sanitation issues persisted throughout. Booknotes: Andersonville Raiders New Arrival: • Andersonville Raiders: Yankee Versus Yankee in the Civil War’s Most Notorious Prison Camp by Gary Morgan (Stackpole, 2020). Unlike the diseases however, the other prisoners had the means to fight against the raiders. Inmates brought their complaints to the group, which sought out and punished — usually through head shaving or other non-destructive means — those they found responsible.
But on this day in 1864, the group was decapitated when six of its leaders were hanged in a quasi-legal action at the most … Estimates of how many raiders were arrested vary from source to source but the number is likely somewhere between 75 and 150 (estimate of 75 comes from Ransom; 150 from McElroy). 496 Cemetery Road Guess there won’t be housing. Richardson & CO, 1872. Northerners could talk about the Raiders as being rogue immigrants, and that good patriotic American soldiers didn't commit such atrocities. The story of the Raiders, their hanging, and their isolated graves evolved into one of the most-told stories of Andersonville. Each man was given time to say some last words before he was hanged: Munn expressed great remorse for his acts, and hoped that God would show him mercy; Collins pleaded for mercy from the crowd and said he was innocent; Sarsfield gave a long speech in which he, too, showed some signs of regret. In 1865, when prisoners began publishing accounts of their captivity experience at Andersonville, the story of the Raiders made only minor appearances. New research using primary sources reveals little about the Raiders except that they were tried and hung and now rest in separate graves at Andersonville National Cemetery. At least 75 men were arrested and held outside the stockade wall as a means of protection from other prisoners while they awaited trial. The graves of the Raiders of Andersonville Providence Spring as it it today By September 1864, General Sherman's troops had occupied Atlanta and the threat of Union raids on Andersonville prompted the transfer of most of the Union prisoners to other camps in Georgia and South Carolina. As the prisoner memoirs became more popular in the 1870s and 1880s, the stories about the Raiders evolved into dramatic accounts of battling gangs with evil characterizations of the Raiders and heroic portrayals of the Regulators. Late in June of that year, a group called “the regulators” began taking police-like action against the perpetrators. They eventually choose the strategic location of Andersonville, Georgia because of its small location and the close proximity of fresh water and railroads (Futch, pp 1–6). On July 11, 1864, six of the leading raiders were hanged, ending their control of the prison. The Confederacy, you may recall, was not the war’s winner. At the time the Raiders were arrested, there had been fewer than 3,000 deaths in the prison – meaning that some 10,000 prisoners died after the Raiders' reign ended. According to the diary of John Ransom, Captain Wirz gave the permission to the police force to set up a court and put the offenders on trial.
The Raiders were headed by about a half dozen men: Charles Curtis, Patrick Delaney, John Sarsfield, William Collins (“Moseby”), a guy known only as “A. Along the way, Morgan's book, Morgan's book is not a narrative history of the Raiders, their trial, and their execution. Isolated from the thousands of prisoners’ graves stand six headstones. With the location secured, Captain Richard B. Winder (a cousin to Captain W. Sidney Winder) was sent to Andersonville to design and oversee the construction of the prison. According to tradition one of the six leaders, a sailor named Munn, was on board the USS Water Witch. Andersonville has become synonymous with the trials and atrocities faced by POWs during the Civil War. The raiders were arguably one of the worst aspects of Andersonville besides the naturally occurring diseases that the prisoners were facing. For many people a visit to Andersonville is not complete without a visit to the Raiders' graves and theirs is one of the most frequently told stories of Andersonville. The appendix section includes the aforementioned trial transcript, an anthology of relevant selections from published Andersonville diaries and memoirs, and the text of a December 1864 post-exchange, Copyright (c) 2005-2020 by Andrew J. Wagenhoffer. Then, the following year, while commanding the Cavalry Corps of the Army of Ohio, Stoneman had been ingloriously captured in Georgia while trying to free prisoners from Andersonville. Among the horrible conditions there was also a group of Union soldiers in the camp that terrorized the other captives by stealing their goods and murdering prison mates in order to get what they wanted. Life within Andersonville was made worse by a group of prisoners known as the Raiders, who stole food and valuables from other prisoners. Six were condemned to death and hanged.
The regulators seemed to be able round up most of the raiders by attacking them at their headquarters, where they put up considerable resistance, but were overthrown by the regulators. Until Wirz’s trial in late 1865, little was written about them. * It was also known as Camp Sumter, named after … These headstones identify the resting places of the Raiders. The camp was not built for quality but rather built for the prevention of escape. When the captives had the chance to eat, they often would suffer from diseases caused by the contaminated food and water. He also gave them full permission to punish the offenders as they deemed necessary, whether it be something as extreme as death by hanging or something smaller like lashings or humiliation (Ransom, p 105-107). Posts may contain affiliate links, meaning CWBA might get a commission from purchases made through those links, at no cost to you. Who were these men and why were these six, out of the thirteen thousand who perished at Andersonville, buried separately? In late 1864, with Sherman moving toward Savannah, some of the prisoners were transferred back to Andersonville, raising the prison's population to around 5,000. Execution of the Raiders at Andersonville Fifth Iowa Volunteer Cavalry In 1863, at the age of sixteen, John McElroy enlisted in the Sixteenth Illinois Cavalry. Instead, the bulk of the book consists of the author's extensive profiles and investigations of the condemned men, with standalone chapters assigned to each convicted raider [Patrick Delany, "Curtis," William Collins, J. Sarsfield, "Rickson," and "Munn"]. With its water source polluted from the overcrowding, epidemics swept through the prison. Also, outside promotions are not allowed in the comments section. Of these, 13,000 never emerged.
Each headed a small band of thieves who would trick new entrants, burgle tents, or use violence or threats of violence to amass “wealth” and keep themselves well-fed, well-clothed, and, most importantly to them in this hostile place, alive. Built of tight-fitting pine logs, the stockade wall presented a solid facade that did not allow the slightest view of the outside world. His complaints caught the interest of the head of the prison camp, Captain Henry Wirz. By mid-June they were brazen, according to John Ransom: “Raiders … do as they please, kill, plunder and steal in broad day light, with no one to molest them.”. The film is loosely based on the diary of John Ransom, a Union soldier imprisoned there. McElroy also describes a similar situation in which people would scream “Raiders!” and the people around them would attack the robbers (McElroy, p 75).
By this point in the war, Stoneman was best known for failure, starting with his much-criticized raid during the 1863 Chancellorsville Campaign. This was one of the most common ways they would steal from a person. As a result, Lincoln and Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant suspended all prisoner exchanges. Ten Things You Never Knew About the Andersonville Raiders: Few incidents in the American Civil War have been as celebrated as the hanging of the Andersonville Raiders, six prisoners of war at Andersonville Prison who were court martialed and hanged by the other prisoners for the crimes of robbery and assault. These turned out to be unnecessary. Awesome Inc. theme. National Prisoner of War Museum If you wish to comment, please sign your name. Of the approximately 45,000 Union soldiers who entered Andersonville, 12,913 died within the prison's walls—28 percent of Andersonville's population and 40 percent of all Union POW deaths during the war.
Due to its simple construction, the camp rose quickly and the first prisoners arrived on February 27, 1864. Andersonville Prison was opened in February 1864, 26.5 Georgian acres (about 0.1 square kilometers, or about the size of a square 4 city blocks on a side) of tightly-packed tents with a ditch of water flowing through its center. The first prisoners began to arrive in late February 1864, and gangs that would become the Raiders start to appear in May 1864. Underbuilt, overpopulated, and continuously short on supplies and clean water, it was a nightmare for the nearly 45,000 soldiers who entered its walls. This was Andersonville.
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