An epidemic is defined by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a sudden increase in the number of cases of an infectious disease within a community or geographic area during a . It affects more people and takes more lives than an epidemic. 2 . AN EPIDEMIC is a disease that affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region. Definition of outbreak - One case - for diseases of epidemic potential (e.g., measles, cholera) - More than the expected number of cases - for endemic diseases - Sometimes is quantitative threshold (e.g. Epidemic and pandemic are similar terms that refer to the spread of infectious diseases among a population. Epidemic is a sudden outbreak of a disease in a certain geographical area. A pandemic cuts across international boundaries, as opposed to regional epidemics. The relationship predates agriculture, the formation of cities, and, if current research on the emergence of diseases like tuberculosis is correct, human migration out of Africa. Section 11: Epidemic Disease Occurrence Level of disease. Epidemic [edit | edit source]. Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 was implemented by the British, 123 years ago, to confront the plague epidemic which had significantly affected Bombay. An epidemic is any rise in cases . Thus, the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic isn't in the severity of the disease, but the degree to which it has spread. The rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus in the United States and around the world leaves many of us seeking ways to place the pandemic in historical context. Related WordsSynonymsLegend: Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1. epidemic disease - any infectious disease that develops and spreads rapidly to many people pest, pestilence, plague - any epidemic disease with a high death rate infectious disease - a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact pest, pestilence, pestis, plague - a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by . Spell. The German air force confirmed a report by daily Bild that it was preparing to help transfer patients to clinics with free beds. The outbreak could be localized in a small community or in a specific location (for example, in a certain hospital), but can also . Epidemic is a derivation of two Greek word epic (upon / among) and demos (people). Outbreak. That makes a disease outbreak roughly synonymous with an epidemic. This expected level of a disease, which can continue indefinitely without intervention, serves as a baseline from which to measure potential outbreaks. Epidemic: A disease is considered to be epidemic if the incidence of disease is higher than normally expected. Infected food and water - One way an epidemic can begin is if the food or water gets infected with a disease. 6.3.4 South America 6.3.5 Middle East and Africa 6.4 Global Epidemic Disease Prevention Equiment Key Trends and Opportunities to 2027 Sales Forecast by Region 2021-2027 6.5 Global Epidemic Disease . 3 OF 18971 [4th February, 1897.] An outbreak of disease is considered an epidemic if it affects a certain number of people within a short period . meningococcal meningitis) Surveillance is critical for early detection! Deadly Diseases: Epidemics throughout history. "All of Germany is one big outbreak," Wieler told reporters in . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The amount of a disease normally present in a community is referred to as the endemic level. Pandemic and epidemic-prone diseases. When we talk about epidemic disease, we will be thinking of contagious diseases caused by biological pathogens — things like influenza, measles, and sexually transmitted diseases, which spread from person to person. Victoria Fan, Dean Jamison, and Lawrence Summers recently estimated the expected yearly cost of pandemic influenza at roughly $500 billion (0.6 percent of global income), including both lost income and the intrinsic cost of elevated mortality. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. An outbreak is essentially the same thing as an epidemic, i.e., an increased frequency of a disease above the usual rate (endemic rate) in a given population or geographic area. From the earliest times to the present, epidemics have affected human history in myriad ways: demographically, culturally, politically, financially, and biologically. An outbreak occurs when there is a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease, like COVID-19. It is basically an epidemic that has spread internationally and covers a wider geographic area. "An epidemic is when you see more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular time period," says Richard A. Martinello, M.D., an . Created by. epidemic [ep″ĭ-dem´ik] occuring suddenly in numbers clearly in excess of normal expectancy, in contrast to endemic or sporadic. An epidemic model is a representation of a disease epidemic established by mapping out known information and using that to make projections. Pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that has spread across several countries or continents. Epidemic models are used by epidemiologists, researchers who specialize in the study of disease outbreaks. About 18 million people die every year from cardiovascular disease, for which diabetes and hypertension are major predisposing factors. epidemic disease: marked increase in prevalence of a disease in a specific population or area, usually with an environmental cause, such as an infectious or toxic agent. An outbreak is the sudden occurrence of a disease in a certain area in greater numbers than it normally occurs. PLAY. It may last for a few days Small, but unusual. A polio epidemic that started in New York City caused 27,000 cases and 6,000 deaths in the United States. When an epidemic crosses over into pandemic, the biggest difference is that more governments are involved in attempting to prevent the progression of the disease and, potentially, treat the people . You just studied 2 terms! Chapter 11. Outbreaks of disease. Match. According to modern concepts, an epidemic is defined as the occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy. At a government school in New Delhi on March 11, 2020. An outbreak may occur in a restricted geographical area, or may extend over several countries. The study of epidemic disease has always been a topic where biological issues mix with social ones. Avian influenza, Cholera, Ebola, Plague, Yellow fever, Meningitis, MERS, Influenza, Zika, Rift Valley Fever, Lassa fever, Leptospirosis, etc. Write. Updated: March 12, 2020 9:24:57 am. That is why COVID-19 is classified as a pandemic. Epidemic Disease Occurrence. Epidemic diseases may afflict large numbers of persons living in a particular geographical area. 12 February 2020 - It was the unanimous view of the Emergency Committee that Ebola virus disease outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo still constitutes a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). n. 1. Risk communication for Influenza: Risk communication is a core public health intervention in any disease outbreak and health emergency. An epidemic is an event in which a disease is actively spreading. Thus, any disease, which occurs in numbers more than the excepted occurrence, constitutes an epidemic. An epidemic is an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly and affects many people at the same time. It is always prevalent in the population that lives in that area. It spreads when the infectious agent and the susceptible host are present in large numbers. Learn how to define an epidemic and explore historical examples such . (Express Photo: Amit Mehra) The American Social History Project has compiled a list of resources to assist students, teachers, and the general public in understanding past epidemics and . AN OUTBREAK is a greater-than-anticipated increase in the number of endemic cases. STUDY. Epidemic vs Pandemic. The term epidemic is not just used with infectious diseases. A pandemic is a type of epidemic (one with greater range and coverage), an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population. It differs from an outbreak or epidemic because it: In 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic took the lives of nearly 800 people worldwide. This wide geographical reach is what makes . A pandemic is a type of epidemic, however a pandemic involves the number of people and the geographical area that the disease affects. In an epidemic, the number of people affected by the disease is larger than what is normally expected. Endemic diseases are relatively rare and not as widespread as an epidemic. It refers to the real-time exchange of information, advice and opinions between experts, officials and people who face a threat to their well-being, to enable informed decision-making and to adopt protective behaviors. The epidemic that shook the world is swine flu in 1918, measles in 1981 to 1991, and recently in 2014 whopping cough.
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